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The use of offshores’ charts is not the exceptionally modern phenomenon. When ancient Athens entered the 2% import- and export-tax, the Greek merchants started making detour in twenty miles to avoid payment of these taxes. The milliards of dollars of European riches were kept out of harm's way in Swiss banks in the Second World War-time. Lately other countries entered in force laws about secrecy on appearance and similarity Swiss and began compete bringing in international capitals.

Off-shore charts are based on the use of the possibilities given by made agreements about the exception of double taxation. In Russia, for example, it has got considerable development of practical worker of the use of offshores’ companies for international investments. Branches and substructures are created in combination with the largest domestic financially-industrial groups and corporations. In the everyday’s activity the last use plenty of offshore-firms.

Panama

 

Panama quickly grew into large corporate tax refuge and international center of bank business. Two laws brought a country over to success as tax refuge. The corporate law based on the corporate code of 1927 of the State Delaware provides the system of creation and functioning of corporations as the simplest in the world. It is calculated, that more of corporations (approximately 50000) in last a few years were created in Panama, and it's more than in all other financial refuges of the Caribbean region and Central America. Panamanian laws on creation of corporations contain very a few of requirements. Except for annual collection in 100 dollars there are no corporate taxes by non-residential legal entities, there are no requirements on registration of accounting and there is no governmental control. Required three directors of corporation can come forward, also, as public servants and to be the non-local or local habitants of country. If nobody wishes to be a director or public servant in the own corporation, in Panama there is whole industry which supplies with the professionals provided with the obligations, the last names of which appear in all corporate documents. The names of Panamanian corporations can be in any language, but must contain one of the following denotations which can be in a brief kind. There is no minimum of the inlaid capital, there are no book-keeping requirements and there are no terms on periodicity and time of corporate meetings, there is no necessity in pointing of place of storage of the corporate accounting. In addition to this corporate climate is present law authorizing the numbered and coded bank accounts. The same bank law settles to use pseudonyms on bank abacuses and institute criminal proceedings against for the illegal opening of information about the bank account.

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